"To Own or Not to Own,
That is the Question"
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Introduction
Employee Ownership Resources & Links
A wealth of resources exists on all forms of employee ownership (EO). The first part of this page lists Organizations -- nonprofit advocacy organizations, academic research institutions, corporate trade associations, financial institutions, and consulting agencies. The second part of this page is a Reading List -- a sample of the many hundreds of articles and books published on the topic. Both the organizations and the published materials cover all aspects of EO including cooperatives, Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs), pension plans, employee participation, and stock options. And both provide information ranging from practical how-to's to in-depth longitudinal productivity studies, the relationship between labor and trade unions, and the history of the cooperative/employee ownership movement.
Few of the organizations or published materials are designed for local economic development practitioners. This means sifting through the enormous quantity of material out there is necessary. Please also see the State Agencies page for contact information on the few state agencies that have employee ownership programs.
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3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 860 Bethesda, MD 20814 tel: 301/951-6122 website: www.acs-esop.com ACAS is an employee-owned investment bank that assists owners, managers and unions in evaluating, structuring, negotiating and financing employee buyouts and ESOPs. |
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1726 M St., NW, Ste. 501 Washington, DC 20036 tel: 202/293-2971 website: www.the-esop-emplowner.org. A nonprofit membership trade association for firms with ESOPs. It provides educational materials that help firms set up and administer ESOPs, including a monthly newsletter, an annual directory, and books covering administrative and technical aspects of ESOPs. The association sponsors regional chapters as well as an annual national conference. |
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West Coast Office P.O. Box 2149 La Jolla, CA 92038-2149 tel: 619/459-4662 East Coast Office 70 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Ste., 7112 Washington DC, 20024 tel: 202/479-2706 web site: www.fed.org F.E.D. is a non-profit organization that encourages firms to use equity compensation to reward their employees and help build the strength of their firm. It provides information on employee ownership, stock option plans, and other comparable compensation systems. |
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20 Park Plaza, Suite 1127 Boston, MA 02116 website: members.aol.com/icaica/ICAPAGE.htm ICA was founded in 1978 as a nonprofit organization that promotes worker
democracy in both co-ops and ESOPs; it assists community development organizations,
state and city governments, churches, and foundations in their efforts
to create and save jobs through the development of community-owned and
worker-owned companies. ICA can help with feasibility studies, business
studies, program development, legal assistance, and workforce education.
ICA's website includes a detailed discussion of using ESOPs to save closing
plants. Works in partnership with its sister financing organization,
the Local
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1201 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, 2nd Floor · Oakland, CA 94612 tel: 510/272-9461 website: www.nceo.org Founded in 1981, NCEO is a private, nonprofit membership and research organization that focuses on ESOPs, employee stock options, and employee participation programs. NCEO has an extensive publications list on all aspects of employee ownership, publishes The Journal of Employee Ownership Law and Finance, sponsors conferences, and provides technical assistance to members. |
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1401 Eye Street, N.W., Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20005 tel: 202/336-7680 website: www.ncb.com NCB was established by Congress in 1978 and reconstituted as a privately-owned cooperative financial institution in 1981. It is committed to cooperative businesses by providing financing opportunities to many forms of cooperatives. They work through NCB Development Corporation (NCBDC), which provides capital to start-up and existing member-owned businesses, and through NCB Savings Bank FSB (NCBSB) the federally chartered arm of NCB which provides deposit services to more than 798 cooperatively- structured businesses across the United States. |
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309 Franklin Hall Kent State University Kent, OH 44242 tel: 330/672-3028 website: www.kent.edu/oeoc Since 1987 the OEOC has been a university based program that provides information and technical assistance to retiring owners, buyout committees, labor unions, managers and community development organizations interested in exploring employee ownership. Staff provide technical assistance, training, and resource materials, and they publish a quarterly newsletter, Owners At Work. The center is supported by both public and private agencies, including the Ohio Department of Development’s Office of Labor-Management Cooperation and the Cleveland, Gund & Urasia Foundations. OEOC also does extensive work employee ownership in the eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The OCOC website is of particular interest to economic developers, particularly those considering assisting an employee buy-out of a closing firm. |
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230 Taylor Hall 427 Lorch St. Madison, WI 53706 tel: 608/262-39(4?)81 website: www.wisc.edu/uwcc The center began in 1962 with a grant from USAID and today works both domestically and internationally by studying and promoting cooperative action as a means of meeting people's economic and social needs. The center develops, promotes, and coordinates educational programs, technical assistance and research on the cooperative form of business. |
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151 Genesee Street Geneva, NY 14456 tel: 315/789-5091 website: www.atworc.org Founded in 1991 as an organization to promote the establishment of worker-owned
cooperatives in the Finger Lakes region of New York, it broadened its focus
one year later to include community and micro enterprise development. The
organization receives private funds as well as support from the NYS Department
of Economic Development's Entrepreneurial Assistance
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Reading List
****Check out the starred items****
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| ****Abello, Kim S. 1997. How to identify prospective ESOP situations
for ownership transition. Foundation for Enterprise Development’s web page.
Home page: http://www.fed.org. Article
at: http://www.fed.org/ Leading-Companies/may97/wma.htm with permission
from Willamette Management Associates. Viewed 15 January 1998.
Alexander, Kenneth O. 1985. Worker ownership and participation in the context of social change: Progress is slow and difficult, but it need not wait upon massive redistribution of wealth. American Journal of Economics and Sociology 44, 3 (July): 337-47. Blasi, Joseph R. 1987. Employee ownership through ESOPs: implications for the public corporation (a review of the literature). New York: Pergamon. ****Blasi, Joseph and Michael Conte, Douglas Kruse, and Hsiu-Yu Lin. 1994. Public company employee ownership and economic performance. Foundation for Enterprise Development’s web page. Home page: http://www.fed.org. Article at http://www.fed.org/research/public-co-eo.html. Viewed 15 January 1998. Blasi, Joseph and Douglas Kruse. 1991. The new owners: the mass emergency of employee ownership in public companies and what it means to American business. HarperBusiness. Blinder, Alan S., editor. 1990. Paying for productivity: a look at the evidence. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Bluestone, Barry and Bennett Harrison. 1982. The deindustrialization of America. New York: Basic Books. Bolling, Richard and John Bowles. 1982. America's competitive edge: how to get our country moving again. New York: McGraw Hill. Bradley, Keith and Alan Gelb. 1985. Employee buyouts of troubled companies. Harvard Business Review 63 (Sept/Oct): 121-30. Business Week. June 30, 1980. The reindustrialization of America. Special Issue. Cohen, Alan and Michael Quarrey. 1986. Performance of employee-owned small companies: a preliminary study. Journal of Small Business Management 24 (April): 58-63. Compra, Lance. 1992. The dangers of worker control. When Workers Decide edited by Len Krimerman and Frank Lindenfeld 157-61. Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers. Conroy, Martin and Derek Shearer. 1980. Economic democracy. White Plains, NE: ME Sharpe. ****Craypo, Charles and Jerry Paar. 1993. Employee buyouts and loans to preserve jobs: the Southbend experience. Comparative Studies in Local Economic Development, edited by P.B. Meyer, 55-68. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Ellerman, David. 1986. Worker ownership: economic democracy or worker capitalism? Somerville, MA: Industrial Cooperative Association. Empire State Development, Ownership Transition Services. (New York) 1998. Promotional material and personal conversation with John Jay Grant, coordinator, March 11, 1998. Haas, Gilda and Rebecca Morales. 1986. Plant closures and the grassroots response to economic crisis in the United States. Paper submitted to the International Research Center on Environment and Development, Paris, France. ****Hochner, A., C.S. Granrose, J. Goode, E. Simon, E. Appelbaum. 1988. Job saving strategies: worker buyouts and QWL. Washington, DC: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Granrose, Cherlyn Skromme and Arthur Hochner. 1985. Are women interested in saving their jobs through employee-ownership? Economic and Industrial Democracy 6: 299-324. Kaufman, Roger T. and Raymond Russell. 1995. Government support for profit sharing, gainsharing, ESOPs and TQM. Contemporary Economic Policy 13 (April): 38-48. Kelso, Louis O. and Mortimer J. Adler. 1958. The capitalist manifesto. New York, NY: Random House. ****Krimerman, Len and Frank Lindenfeld, editors. 1992. When workers decide Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers. Kurland, Norman G. 1997. Dinner at the Madison: Louis Kelso meets Russell Long. Owners at work. vol. IX, No.2 (Winter 1997/98). Kent, OH: Ohio Employee Ownership Center. Leki, Pete. 1992. I'd be all for ESOPs if.... When workers decide edited by Len Krimerman and Frank Lindenfeld, 162-63. Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers. ****Lieber, J.B. 1995. Friendly takeover: how an employee buyout saved a steel town. New York: Penguin. Lichtenstein, Peter M. 1986. The US experience with worker cooperation. The Social Science Journal 23, 1:1-15. ****MacLeod, Greg. 1989. Worker co-ops and community economic development. Partners in enterprise: the worker ownership phenomenon edited by J. Quarter and G. Melnyk. 175-91. New York: Black Rose Books. Meek, Christopher B. 1990. Book review of “Employee ownership in America: the equity solution” by Corey Rosen, Katherine Klein and Karen Young, 1986. Administrative Sciences Quarterly. 35, 4 (December): 736-40. Mitchell, Daniel J.B. 1985. Profit sharing and employee ownership: policy implications. Contemporary Economic Policy XII: 16-25. Murphey, Dwight D. 1990. Selling socialism as ‘The new capitalism’: the threat behind ‘employee ownership.’ Conservative Review 1990:1, 4 (June): 20-4, 31. National Center for Employee Ownership. 1988. Community economic development and employee ownership: resource guide. Prepared by Matthew Kumin and Corey Rosen. ____________. 1998. An introduction to ESOPs. Oakland, CA: National Center for Employee Ownership. Ohio Employee Ownership Center. 1997. Owners at work newsletter vol. IX, No.1 (Summer). ____________. 1998. Owners at work newsletter vol. IX, No.2 (Winter 1997/1998). Quarrey, Michael. 1987. Employee ownership and corporate performance. Harvard Business Review. September/October. Quarrey, Michael and Corey Rosen. 1996. Employee ownership and corporate performance. Oakland, CA: National Center for Employee Ownership. Rifkin, Jeremy. 1977. Own your own job: economic democracy for working Americans. New York: Bantam Books. Rosen, Corey. 1990. Employee ownership as a development strategy. Plant closures and community recovery. Washington, DC: National Council for Urban Economic Development. pp. 165-6. Rosen, Corey and William Foote Whyte. 1983. Encouraging employee ownership: the government's role. New York, NY: Democracy Project. ****Segarra, Lauren. 1991. Employee ownership and community economic development. Understanding employee ownership, edited by Corey Rosen and Katherine Young, 136-68. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Simmons, John and William Mares. 1983. Working together. New York: Knopf. Squires, Gregory D. 1991. Employee ownership and equal opportunity:
ameliorating race and gender wage inequalities through democratic work
organizations. Humanity and Society 15, 1 (February):
Stern, RN, and H. Wood and T.H. Hammer. 1979. Employee ownership in plant shutdowns: prospects for employment stability. Kalamazoo, MI: Upjohn Institute. Swaine, Kieron. 1993. Public policy and employee ownership: designing economic institutions for a good society. Policy Sciences 26: 289-315. US General Accounting Office. 1988. Employee stock ownership plans: limited evidence of impact of corporate performance. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. PEMED-88-1. Whyte, William F. 1987. The employee ownership alternative. Deindustrialization and plant closure edited by Paul D. Staudohar and Holly E. Brown. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Whyte, William F. and Joseph R. Blasi. 1980. From research to legislation on employee ownership. Economic and Industrial Democracy 1:395-415. Whyte, William F. and Tove Helland Hammer, Christopher Meek, Reed Nelson and Robert Stern. 1983. Worker participation and ownership: cooperative strategies for strengthening local economies. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, Cornell University. Woodworth, Warner. 1981. Towards a labour-owned economy in the United States. Labour and Society 6, 1 (January-March): 41-56. Woodworth, Warner and Christopher Meek and William Foote Whyte, editors. 1985. Industrial democracy: strategies for community revitalization. Beverly Hills: Sage. |
Topics
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In order to learn more about other economic development
strategies, please browse through the
Economic
Development Strategies Home Page
Please Send Questions or Comments to
Liz Kehrberger at
kehrberg@email.unc.edu
Last Updated: April 27, 1999